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15
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"Okrent, Arika"
صنف حسب:
In the land of invented languages : a celebration of linguistic creativity, madness, and genius
Okrent tells the fascinating and highly entertaining history of man's enduring quest to build a better language. Peopled with charming eccentrics and exasperating megalomaniacs, the land of invented languages is a place where you can recite the Lord's Prayer in John Wilkins's Philosophical Language, say your wedding vows in Loglan, and read \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\" in Lojban--not to mention Babm, Blissymbolics, and the nearly nine hundred other invented languages featured in this language-lover's book.
Book
From meaning to words: An investigation of past tense verb inflection in English comparing a form to form mapping task with a meaning to form mapping task
In everyday language use, people produce inflected forms of verbs by mapping an intended meaning onto a phonological form. They do not necessarily map a phonological stem form onto a phonological inflected form, though they are able to perform such an operation when called for. This thesis argues that the nature of producing an inflected form is altered by the presentation of a stem form, particularly with regard to the regularity of the inflected form. A current debate on the nature of morphological representation has been framed in terms of two opposing models of the process of regular and irregular inflection. The dual-route model proposes a rule application process for regular inflection and a separate lexical memory retrieval process for irregular inflection. The single-route model proposes one associative process for both types of inflection. Much of the data employed in the arguments for both models are the results of form to form mapping tasks. If the presentation of a stem form affects regular and irregular verbs differently, the data used may only be informative about the form to form mapping task itself, and not about inflection in general. In order to investigate whether the production of an inflected form from meaning differs with respect to regularity from the production of an inflected form from another form, I develop a task to elicit specific verbs from meaning and from form that allows for experimental control. This task is used in a series of behavioral experiments using response time as a measurement, as well as in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment using hemodynamic response as a measurement. The results of the experiments are that regular past tense verbs are produced more quickly than irregular verbs when a stem form is presented, but not when no stem form is presented. Additionally, in the brain, greater frontal lobe activation is found for irregular verbs when a stem form is presented, but not when no stem form is presented. The results suggest that exposure to a phonological form of the verb to be inflected alters the nature of the inflection process.* *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation).
Dissertation
Modality and Structure in Signed and Spoken Languages
The realisation that signed languages are true languages is one of the great discoveries of linguistic research. The work of many sign language researchers has revealed deep similarities between signed and spoken languages in their structure, acquisition and processing, as well as differences, arising from the differing articulatory and perceptual constraints under which signed languages are used and learned. This book provides a cross-linguistic examination of the properties of many signed languages, including detailed case studies of Hong Kong, British, Mexican and German sign languages. The contributions to this volume, by some of the most prominent researchers in the field, focus on a single question: to what extent is linguistic structure influenced by the modality of language? Their answers offer particular insights into the factors that shape the nature of language and contribute to our understanding of why languages are organised as they are.
eBook
A modality-free notion of gesture and how it can help us with the morpheme vs. gesture question in sign language linguistics (Or at least give us some criteria to work with)
Liddell's proposal that there are gestures in agreement verbsForty years of research on signed languages has revealed the unquestionable fact that signers construct their utterances in a structured way from units that are defined within a language system. They do not pantomime or “draw pictures in the air.” But does this mean that every aspect of a signed articulation should have the same status as a linguistic unit?A proposal by Liddell (1995; 1996; Liddell and Metzger 1998) has brought the issue of the linguistic status of certain parts of American Sign Language (ASL) utterances to the fore. He proposes that agreement verbs are not verbs simultaneously articulated with agreement morphemes, but verbs simultaneously articulated with pointing gestures. Agreement verbs are verbs that move to locations in signing space associated with particular referents in the discourse. A signer may establish a man on the left side at location x and a woman on the right side at location y. Then, to sign ‘He asks her,’ the signer moves the lexical sign ASK from location x to location y. The locations in these constructions have been analyzed as agreement morphemes (Fischer and Gough 1978; Klima and Bellugi 1979; Padden 1988; Liddell and Johnson 1989; Lillo-Martin and Klima 1990; Aarons et al. 1992) that combine with the lexical verb to form a multimorphemic sign x ASKy.
Book Chapter
EXPLAINER: THE ETYMOLOGY OF DUDE
\" \"Macaroni\" became a term for a dandy in the 18th century after young British men returned from their adventures on the European continent sporting exaggerated high-fashion clothes and mannerisms (along with a taste for an exotic Italian dish called \"macaroni\").
Newspaper Article
toH, chovnatlh Doj ghaH tlhIngan'e'; ... or in English
When the production team of Star Trek III wanted some scenes in Klingon, they called on Marc Okrand, a linguist whose dissertation was a grammar of a now-extinct Native American language. Knowing that fans would be watching closely, Okrand worked out a full grammar, ending up with something that sounds like an ungodly combination of Hindi, Arabic, Tlingit and Yiddish, and works like a mix of Japanese, Turkish and Mohawk.
Newspaper Article
Just where did 'dude' come from?
Photo(s); Photo: The term \"dude\" is derived from \"Yankee Doodle Dandy,\" not Sean Penn's Jeff Spicoli in 1982's \"Fast Times at Ridgemont High.\" Dandies were British men who kept up with the latest continental European fashions. GETTY IMAGES PHOTO He's the fellow who, as the song has it, \"stuck a feather in his cap and called it macaroni.\" \"Macaroni\" became a term for a dandy in the 18th century after young British men returned from their adventures on the European continent sporting exaggerated high-fashion clothes and mannerisms (along with a taste for an exotic Italian dish called \"macaroni\").
Newspaper Article